This case study documents indigenous and traditional knowledge, knowledge and practices in agroecology In the forest zone of Cameroon, communities bordering forests practice forest agriculture (commonly called slash-and-burn agriculture) for land development (relying on fields, fallows, plantations and forests), ensuring social control of land and resources and mobilizing the livelihoods necessary for family subsistence. Based on the case of the dominant agro-ecological practices in the Central and Southern regions, and on the basis of theory, observation, interviews and a participatory analysis workshop with the holders of this knowledge and practices, the study explores the socio-cultural roots of the knowledge and practices applied in agroecology and identifies the points of attention that would make it possible to activate new relationships and new approaches in decision-making between scientific answers and trajectories knowledge and practices traditional and local to support agro-ecological resilience.